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| 1818 |
| | | A leader of the Ismaili sect is granted, by the shah of Persia, the hereditary title of Aga Khan | |
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| 1839 |
| | | A British army invades Afghanistan and instals a puppet ruler, Shuja Shah, as the Afghan amir | |
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| 1842 |
| | | The British abandon Kabul, losing most of the garrison force in the withdrawal to India and bringing to an end the first Anglo-Afghan war | |
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| 1878 |
| | | Three British armies invade Afghanistan, beginning the second Anglo-Afghan War | |
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| 1880 |
| | | Russian composer Alexander Borodin writes In the Steppes of Central Asia as part of the silver jubilee celebrations for Alexander II | |
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| 1881 |
| | | The British withdraw from Afghanistan, having achieved nothing in the Second Anglo-Afghan War | |
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| c. 1901 |
| | | A stele is found at Susa, in Iran, giving the text of the Code of Hammurabi | |
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| 1908 |
| | | The Burman Oil Company, developing a concession granted in 1901 to William Knox D'Arcy, discovers oil in Iran | |
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| 1919 |
| | | Afghanistan finally achieves international recognition as an independent nation | |
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| 1921 |
| | | An army officer, Reza Khan, becomes war minister after seizing control of Tehran with his Cossack brigade | |
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